We need to do something, but like many things, I suspect we exaggerate the blame to be shafted to people like judges and police. It might make us feel better, but goes nowhere to solving the problem.
The graph shows that in the last 10 years our prison population has increased by 55%. Since our population only increased by a small fraction of that amount over that period, it means the police are arresting far more people and judges are imprisoning far more (there seems to be a backlog of unsentenced cases, but at least the people are in gaol and off the streets). So it is not that it is being ignored, this approach is very much being addressed, and in the NT nearly one person in every 1000 of the NT population is in gaol (one in 2500 for Australia as a whole). That is a lot, although it a third higher rate than any western country except the USA (which is three times higher than us but still has a greater crime problem than us) - so one problem is that it really costs to gaol people (if we had the rate of the USA it would really hurt us economically). Feed 'em bread and water and whip them when they complain? It won't sell (most people know someone well who has been inside), mistreatment breeds criminals as in Victorian times, and it makes for a crap value system in a society - a lot of money goes on things like education for young offenders anyway (not educating inside will REALLY help. eh?).
So what is causing the increasing problem, because there obviously is one? Insufficient length of sentences might be one issue. It costs more than $300 a day ($109,500 per year) to keep an adult prisoner in jail, and more than $600 a day ($219,000 per year) to keep a juvenile in detention, so community orders would be favoured on cost, and makes some sense for non-violent crimes (the 39,000 prisoners in full-time custody alone are a real cost - billions already). It is hard to get figures for non-custodial sentences, but figures over the last 3 years figures show no increase in the rate of community orders, despite the rate of custodial sentences increasing 15% over that time, so the judges don't seem to be guilty there either. Perhaps actual average custodial sentence lengths is the issue, but with 44.3% of prisoners released returning to prison within two years, not a huge number of the worst are out of prison long.
I doubt prison will solve the problem - there is something else wrong. Maybe schools are part of the problem but I have doubts that is a major issue (parents perhaps more so) - I went to a crappy violent school with numerous untrained and sadistic teachers in an area where less than 30% of the population had a job, but many came out of it a bit better than their parents' generation (school was sort of baby-sitting for crims but the few good teachers made a difference). My family work with drug-affected people, and Australians are stars worldwide when it comes to consuming heavy drugs, and you need money to feed a heavy habit (more than many jobs can pay), you have trouble keeping jobs, and you care less about consequences of what you do, and with things like crack the drugs themselves can make you violent. Hiwever cracking down on drug use or availabilty probably does little except make them more expensive and cost us a lot of police time that is therefore not spent tracking down other crims - I doubt if cracking down on drugs will solve the increasing crime rate itself. 55% of Australian prison entrants have used meths, heroine or other opiates in the last 12 months prior to admission, much higher than the average in the poulation. In the USA half the prison population is actually only in prison for drug-related crime in terms of dealing or consumption - they are much heavier on gaoling for consumption alone, which probably accounts for much of their higher prison population, coupled with greater poverty despite being a rich nation. I suspect if we added alcoholism stats to prison entrants as well we would get a very high figure, but it is easier to be a cheap drunk so less likely to be as major a cause of pre-meditated crime at least. I think the question we have to ask is why do people use hard drugs (and alcohol) in such quantity in Australia? One clue might be that Aboriginals make up about 2.5-5% of the population but 25% of the prison population, despite fewer being hard drug users. Racists can give their own reasons, but I suspect that the high indigenous figure primarily reflects feeling absolute crap about your life (the huge aboriginal suicide rate suggests the same) - before we came they were societies with rigidly policed standards and customs (for those who want to claim it is genetic). And I suspect that this is true of many crims in general. So perhaps we can most effectively lower the crime rate by addressing issues related to hard drugs and youngsters feeling crap about their lives (there is still hope with youngsters at least). People talk about "bleeding hearts" but it is interesting that countries that address some of these issues better (eg Norway, Denmark) are not noted for a high level of violent crime, and yet only have a third of Australia's prison rates. And I would prefer to live in a country where most people feel good about their lives - and I am not convinced feeling good is a direct function of income world-wide (some of the happiest societies I have seen have been fairly poor with relatively low crime). So as well as adressing the young more, we might ask why do so many people feel this way?
Yeah, I know - another bloody bleeding heart. But I feel just the same as everyone else about scumbags who assault the elderly etc. However sometimes what we think is the obvious solution is exactly the opposite - prisons also train criminals and encourage drug use, and figures above suggest that we can't shaft it dominantly to police or judges not doing their job (on average), and that despite dramatically increasing imprisonment it is not solving the problem (not gaoling is not a good solution either, but a multi-pronged approach seems justified). From what I have seen around the world (42 countries over nearly 70 years), places with low crime seem to be those in which people are reasonably happy and where the minimum basic needs are met (extreme poverty never helps), but importantly - in which everyone feels they have a place in their society that is recognised. Maybe what we are doing wrong is as simple as that - that we isolate people too much in our sort of society, don't value each individual enough, and don't listen enough when people need to be listened to - that we need to look at our value system as a country, not just at increasing our material "standard of living". And the values of parents tend to become the values of the next generation.