Beekeeping

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Hi Folks,

Another cool day with no chance of getting into the bees. The two swarms that were hived yesterday stayed put and didnt abscond this morning. Ill allow them to draw some comb, build up in numbers and then combine them with the hives that they swarmed from. Will kill the old queen before doing so as the two queens will fight when the hives are joined. Will need to make sure that the new queen is laying well and the swarm period is finished. Should be right to go in about a month or so. This should result in big, strong hives which will produce more honey than smaller weaker hives.

Spent some time in the shed making up frames and also producing some wax foundation. Thought Id run you through the process that I use for making the foundation. The first step is to melt some wax to make the sheets. I use a double gas burner to heat rain water in a large stainless container. A wax block is broken down into small chunks and slowly heats and melts as the water warms. (You will probably recognise the pot used to hold the wax/ water mix.)
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The wax floats on top of the water and eventually melts.
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When the temp of the water is just below boiling point, the wax is hot enough to produce flat sheets. I have two paddles that I use to make the foundation sheets (they are a bit like wooden cement floats only larger) The paddles are placed in a tub of water for ten minutes or so. A squirt of dishwashing liquid helps to act as a release agent so the wax does not stick to the paddle. They are dipped into the wax on an angle and then showly brought down to the horizontal position.
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After sitting on the surface of the wax for about two seconds, the paddle is removed from the wax and quickly turned through 180 degrees. The wax is then allowed to dry for about ten seconds or so.
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Each paddle is dipped three times to give the wax thickness required. The paddle is then placed into the water bath where the wax sheet easily slides off.
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The water needs to be at about 35 degrees to keep the wax pliable. After 30 to 40 sheets are made, the wax is then run though an embossing mill to put the hexagonal cell shape on to each piece.
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Each sheet is then trimmed to size. A pizza cutter and a ply template make this operation a simple task. Using my own wax gives me control over the quality of the end product, value adds to the wax that I produce and provides me with a bit of work on those wet days where you cant do much outside.

Cheers for now

Les
 
Thanks NE. The extra work is a choice that I make. Most people just buy the foundation. If I was running a couple of hundred hives or more, youd have no choice. Im only looking after about 30 so its quite easy. Like prospecting, its just something that I do for fun and therefore dont see it as work at all.
 
I'm finding this thread fascinating! Please keep going Les - I'm loving learning about all this stuff. I had no idea what was involved!! :Y:

Do you roll those sheets and make beeswax candles too?
 
Hi Megsy,

Dont make candles or use the surplus wax at this stage. My wife may get into this side of things as she retired this year. My surplus wax is normally just sold to a beekeeping suppliers store. I may have to do a double retirement to fit everything into the day. Lol. Trying to mantain a couple of acres, look after 30 hives, keep the veggie garden going, feeding my 8 worm farms, diving for crays, fishing off beach or out of the boat and a doing a little bit of prospecting tends to keep me time poor.
 
Next instalment tonight Mackka. Looks like I have to rob the bees to make a bit of space in some of the hives. Ill be covered in the sticky stuff for most of the afternoon. Will see if I can organise some pics along the way. Hi Moneybox, the bees do make their own comb but the foundation gives the beekeeeper some control over where and how that occurs. If you left the bees on their own to make the comb, it could end up all over the place. It is a requirement that frames need to be removable so that you can check for disease. Some beekeepers allow the bees to make their own comb but that still requires guidance and management to ensure that the girls do what they are told. Hi Megsy, yeah life is busy but I reckon I must be ADHD (or what ever they call it these days) Need to be on the go all the time. Hate sitting down doing nothing. A few months ago we bought a caravan so that we could travel a bit through winter to get away from the routine. Lol. It just never stops.

Cheers

Les
 
Hi Folks,

Well Im just sitting down now with a drink after finishing a bit of extracting. Decided to pull a bit of honey off some of the hives as a swarm control method. When the hive becomes congested or clogged up with honey, it can be one of the triggers to initiate swarming. If the bees have space and plenty of work to do, they seem to be happy. Some of the hives had a bit of honey but others had very little. It just depends on the size of the hive, if its swarmed recently and the individual nature of particular hives. So the crop was going to be inconsistent.

At my old work place, they allowed me to keep a few hives (7 in total) Thought Id work on them today. The hives are about 20km from my house and the type of honey will be totally different to whats coming in at my place. Was pleasantly surprised to come home with five boxes.
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The first step was to uncap 12 frames and load the extractor. I use a heated uncapping knife to perform this operation.
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After uncapping both sides, the frame is loaded into the extractor.
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As the extractor spins, the honey is thrown from the cells and flows through two strainers to remove wax particles, pollen etc.
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After this extraction, the process is repeated. Each extraction produces over a bucket of honey.
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The frame after being extracted is called a sticky.
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The stickies are given back to the bees who will clean up the surplus honey and reshape the cells over night. Its amazing what they can do in 12 hours. The buckets of honey are then sealed and put away until needed. Todays extraction should yield a bit over 100kg of honey. The whole process will be repeated again tomorrow.

Cheers for now

Les
 
This thread is getting better and better!

So by using the sticky the frame is already filled with wax when it goes back in and the bees can get straight into refilling it?

How many times can you re-use a sticky?

12 frames produces about a bucket of honey. Is that 20kg or a bit more?

I know it depends on the season but how many times would you extract a particular frame? Once per season? Up to 6 per season?

The extractor looks like a simple but effective design :Y:

Thanks again for the pics and info :D
 
This thread is very interesting for sure,

Never new a lot about bee's until now,

Other than they hurt when you get stung by them,

Please keep this thread going,

Goody :)
 
Hi NE,
Yes you are right about the sticky. Once it goes back into the hive, the bees clean it up and it can be filled with honey (or the queen can lay eggs in it if she is in that particular box) You will notice that the sticky in the photo is quite dark. Thats due to the young bees that were raised in that frame. The comb also darkens with age. Each time a bee is raised in a cell, it leaves a thin layer from its cocoon. The cell gets smaller over time and eventually it will become hard, mis shaped and unusable. Most beekeepers use a queen excluder which is a mesh plate that allows worker bees to pass through but will not allow a queen through due to her larger size. Honey is generally produced above the queen excluder and therefore this problem is not encountered. I dont use an excluder and therefore the queen can lay eggs in any box in the hive. Getting back to the sticky, they can be used for a couple of years. Most beekeepers go through a process of replacing old comb regularly and therefore keep the frames in good condition. Each frame normally produces from 2 to 3kg of honey. It depends on how far out the bees draw the comb. You made a good guess on the number of times that frames are extracted each season. It can vary from zero to about five. If hives are moved to follow flowering, this could be considerably more during a good season. The extractor is quite simple. It just relies on centrifical force to throw honey out to the edge of the barrel. Good questions NE. Thanks for asking.

Cheers

Les
 
Thanks for the answers Les.

I suppose re-using your sticky also saves the bees time in not having to re-lay comb.

They are amazing and it is an amazing process.

Gives me a whole new appreciation for the honey we buy :Y:
 
Hi Folks,

Thought Id do a follow up after the extracting process. The cappings that are removed from the frames are allowed to drain for a while and the honey that comes off is filtered. I then use a fruit press (the same as what Hardluck uses) to remove as much of the remaining honey as possible.
1542749235_f41a04a8-3010-4510-9d4a-291bc6454626.jpg

From this last extraction, about 4kg of honey was squeezed out. The cappings are then placed in a bucket of water for a day or so to dissolve most of the remaining honey.
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The cappings are drained and then placed in a container over a fire to melt the wax. Water is added to prevent the mixture from overheating.
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The fire is thermostatically controlled.
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And yes, that is a water hose... The molten mixture is then poured through a piece of aluminium fly screen to remove large particles such as dead bees, dirt and grit, bee cocoons etc.
1542749653_e0ce1422-fe2a-4c2f-94d8-ac1dd533739f.jpg

This mixture is stired to allow the wax to flow through. The solid material that is left over is tipped into a bucket. It will end up in the veggie garden tomorrow as it is a very good fertilizer with all sorts of trace elements and goodness in it.
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The liquid wax, water and fine particle mix are allowed to settle and set over night.
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The wax will float on the water and and a dirty solid layer will form under that. Heavy materials will sink to the bottom of the bucket. This is stage one of the wax cleaning process. More than 80% of impurities would be removed at this stage. I will show you the next step tomorrow after the wax has set.

Cheers for now,

Les
 
Hi Folks,

The solid piece of wax popped out looking like this:
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The underside of the block is covered in a layer of impurities which is then scraped off before the second melt.
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The second melt is in an old, deep frypan. Again water is added.
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The molten wax is then filtered through a Chux super wipe.
1542832890_3ff7ddf1-1ce7-4fe3-932c-fdf8a719b6fa.jpg

And the final block:
1542832924_934b0d34-490f-4278-ac86-41c5060b2690.jpg

A scrape of the bottom of the block to remove a few slight impurities and the job is done. If the wax was to be used for candles or wood finishes etc, it would be heated and filtered once more. Every 20 frames that are uncapped produce about 1kg of wax.

Cheers for now,

Les
 
Les,
I am going to have to come for a drive one day soon.
When you have time. :Y:
I have had a few call outs up your
way lately but did not allocate time to come see you.
 

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