You're right dr duck, female factories.
An estimated 9000 women were in the 13 factories spanning over about 50 odd years. The factories were located in Parramatta (2), Bathurst, Newcastle, Port Macquarie (2), Moreton Bay (2), Hobart Town, Georgetown, Cascades, Launceston and Ross.
Women were sent there for committing minor crimes in their native countries, and a good chunk of them were from Ireland. They were sent to these factories immediately upon their arrival in Australia if they were awaiting assignment, awaiting childbirth/weaning children or undergoing punishment.
Most of the women were married or hired as servants off shortly after arrival, those who wernt were sent to the factories. From what I read it sounded a bit like a cattle auction.
The women who were there worked weaving, making clothes etc, which is why they were called 'factories'. In fact the paramatta female factory apparently produced the first colony's export in the form of woven materials.
Conditions were harsh and often overcrowded. The paramatta one was designed to hold about 300 women but at one point there were well in excess of a 1000 women and children. Punishment for misbehaviour included having their heads shaved, solitary confinement, hard labour (including stone breaking) and being fed only bread and water for up to 21 days. The Women were often punished for what we could consider minor infringements today such as being considered to have loose morals.
I only found out about these places myself last night when trying to figure out a history trivia question. It's an interesting read
Some more info on them for anyone who is interested:
http://www.parragirls.org.au/female-factory.php
http://www.hastings.nsw.gov.au/reso...rt_Macquarie_Districts_historical_soceity.pdf