Let`s do an engineering autopsy on what might have happened.
From what i can see and going on your information , it has been the subject of many hours of digging .
I will assume it has been used in creeks and streams alot and has been subject to continually striking hard surfaces and rocks. In doing so , the act of slamming a piece of metal ( ie ; shovel head ) into the hard surfaces will cause a considerable amount of jarring right from the bottom of the shovel to the top of the handle . As you are pounding the head of the shovel into the ground , you are also pushing on the handle which will have a certain amount of flex in it and will , in turn , push out and distort the inside of the metal top of the shovel where the handle goes into it. The wood handle will be stronger than the metal at the top of the shovel blade and therefore that makes the top of the shovel the weakest point of it . So , if you are jarring the shovel and pushing down on it for an extended period of time ,it will create a weak spot and a small fracture will , over time , start to split all the way to the edge of the metal .
I worked with 2 engineers when building 2 cars and they taught me about stress points and metal flexing . Everything has a weak point and this can happen .
The moral of the story is you have done alot of work with this shovel in 9 years and now it is time to say goodbye and move on .
But lets not overthink this . It is just a shovel !!!