The first printed atlases were editions of the text of Claudius Ptolemy, an Alexandrian geographer working circa 150 A.D., illustrated with a set of 27 maps, constructed from Ptolemy's calculations. There is some debate whether the printed maps are engraved versions of original maps which were passed down with manuscripts of the text, or whether the maps were constructed by medieval Greek scholars from Ptolemy's text.
The first edition with maps, which were probably engraved by Taddeo Crivelli, was published in Bologna in 1477. Three similar sets were published in Rome, by Arnold Buckinck in 1478, for Francesco Berlinghieri, in Florence in 1482, and by Lienhart Holle, in Ulm in 1482