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Well picked up Dr, I thought the first clue would have given it away. I know I would be pleased to see his face on a handful of $50 bills.

Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey of Adelaide OM FRS FRCP (24 September 1898 21 February 1968) was an Australian pharmacologist and pathologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Sir Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the development of penicillin.

Although Fleming received most of the credit for the discovery of penicillin, it was Florey who carried out the first ever clinical trials in 1941 of penicillin at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford on the first patient, a Postmaster from Wolvercote near Oxford. The patient started to recover but subsequently died because Florey had not made enough penicillin. It was Florey and his team who actually made a useful and effective drug out of penicillin, after the task had been abandoned as too difficult.

Florey's discoveries, along with his colleague Ernst Chain, are estimated to have saved over 82 million lives,[3] and he is consequently regarded by the Australian scientific and medical community as one of its greatest figures. Sir Robert Menzies, Australia's longest-serving Prime Minister, said, "In terms of world well-being, Florey was the most important man ever born in Australia".[4]
 
Yep, it was the clue about saving lives that twigged it for me. Did not get the bit about being pleased to see his pic on the $50 note. A good cryptic clue.

I'll have go put up a question later.
 
Nope, not Frank Fenner, but he was an interesting bloke - did work on the myxoma virus and rabbits, too. Don't know if small pox was such a common ailment in the developed world by the time Frank did his work.

The ailment I have in mind was a big one in the 60's and 70's, but caused lots of discomfort rather than was fatal. Treatments for it were big business for the drug companies.
 
Maybe Barry Marshall? He discovered that Stomach ulcers were caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and were not caused by stress or spicy food.
 
This time we are looking for a building. Built in the mid 1800's but seems out of place today , it is still in use. Tours of a section of the building are available.
 
No, not Old Government House at Parramatta. The initial construction of this building was by convicts.
 

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